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A vehicle miles traveled (VMT) tax, also frequently referred to as a VMT fee, mileage-based fee, or road user charge, is a policy of charging motorists based on how many miles they have traveled. It has been proposed in various states in the United States and elsewhere as an infrastructure funding mechanism to replace, or supplement the fuel tax,〔(Paying Our Way: A New Framework for Transportation, National Surface Transportation Infrastructure Financing Commission Final Report, 2009 )〕 which has been generating billions less in revenue each year due to increasingly fuel efficient vehicles.〔(Eco-Friendly Vehicles Draining State Road Repair Budgets - US News and World Report )〕 In the United States, a VMT fee currently exists as part of a limited program for 5,000 volunteers in Oregon and for trucks in Illinois.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/RUFPP/Pages/ruc_overview.aspx )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/vehicles/cft/fees.html )〕 Internationally, Germany, Austria, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Switzerland have implemented various forms of VMT fees, limited to trucks. New Zealand also has such a system applying to all heavy vehicles and diesel-powered cars. France, Belgium and Russia all have truck based systems under development. ==Overview== Instead of using a tax on fuel consumption as a way of financing transportation infrastructure, a VMT fee charges motorists based on their road usage measured in mileage. These charges can be either a flat fee (e.g., a fixed number of cents per mile, regardless of where or when the travel occurs) or a variable fee based on considerations such as time of travel, congestion levels on a facility, type of road, type and weight of the vehicle, vehicle emission levels, and ability to pay of the owner. Or it can be a combination of flat and variable fees. There are different ways a VMT fee can be implemented. In a broad sense, the application of VMT fees is envisioned through the use of an onboard vehicle device to capture the distance driven by a vehicle through GPS or other technology and relate that to a method of charging, which could involve payments at the gas pump, billing, or automatic deductions for a prepaid customer account. GPS units on board a vehicle can record distance, assign it to the appropriate taxing jurisdiction, and calculate the amount owed.〔(Toll Road News article on VMT developments in the US )〕〔 Only the final billing information would have to be released outside the unit, to protect privacy.〔 Since 2000, fuel tax revenues have declined significantly as a result of less driving and increasing fuel efficiency.〔(Article on the decrease in driving in America )〕 As fuel tax revenues dwindle, policymakers have had to divert billions from the general fund and other non-transportation funds to pay for infrastructure.〔(Where Did the Senate Get the Extra Money to Pay For Its Bill? | Streetsblog Capitol Hill )〕 This is increasing pressure on transportation policy makers to search for new, viable road financing mechanisms. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vehicle miles traveled tax」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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